Snuff was the most popular form of smokeless tobacco in Europe and America prior to the 1800s. Tobacco chewing by colonists probably began in the early 1700s and was widely accepted by the 1850s. Snuff use (at the time, finely ground tobacco that primarily was sniffed through the nose) was introduced to North American colonists in Jamestown, VA in 1611. Tobacco use spread to Europe, Africa, China, and Japan over the next few centuries. Hatsukami 2007, USDA 2010 HistoryĪmerican Indians may have been using tobacco throughout North and South America by the time the first European explorers arrived in the late 1400s and early 1500s. Smokeless tobacco products often are flavored with sugar or artificial sweeteners. The tobacco plant originated in South America more than 7,000 years ago. Smokeless tobacco products are derived from the same botanical source as smoking tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) recognizes that smokeless tobacco contains at least 30 cancer-causing agents and is carcinogenic to humans. Other oral pathologies, such as inflammation, leukoplakia, and tooth decay have been described with smokeless tobacco use. An association between the risk of fatal myocardial infarction and fatal stroke in users of smokeless tobacco has been shown. Data for other cancers are less consistent.
InteractionsĪn increased risk of oropharyngeal cancer exists. Smokeless tobacco use during pregnancy is associated with decreased birth weight and increased risk of preterm delivery. Users of smokeless tobacco regulate consumption to meet cravings and withdrawal symptoms. Concern has been raised that smokeless tobacco use serves as a gateway to smoking. Issues relate to the lack of evidence for efficacy in achieving long-term smoking cessation (greater than 6 months) and the health risks of smokeless tobacco products. The role of smokeless tobacco in smoking cessation is debated. Common Name(s): Ariva, Betel quid (India), Chewing tobacco, Commit, Compressed tobacco lozenges, Copenhagen, Dry snuff, Iq-mik (Alaska), Moist snuff, Revel, Skoal Dry, Smokeless tobacco, Snus (Sweden)., Stonewall
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